Armenia and Azerbaijan, two ex-Soviet republics in the Caucasus, are locked in a decades-long territorial dispute which frequently erupts into deadly fighting.
The Soviet authorities merged the predominantly ethnic Armenian territory with Azerbaijan in 1921.
They follow a flare-up along their border in July which claimed the lives of 17 soldiers from both sides.Tens of thousands gathered to protest in Baku, Azerbaijan on 15 July, 2020.Armenia, a Christian country since the fourth century, has been rocked by political and economic instability since it gained independence from the former USSR.
Heydar Aliyev, a former officer of the Soviet security services, the KGB, ruled the country with an iron fist until October 2003. He handed over power to his son, Ilham, weeks before his death. Yerevan harbours hostility towards Turkey over the massacres of some 1.5 million Armenians by Turkey under the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
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