Next-generation SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-based vaccines may provide optimal protection against infection EpicentRx SARSCoV2 COVID19 Nucleocapsid Vaccine Vaccination
By Tarun Sai LomteJul 5 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent study published in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases, researchers suggested the inclusion of nucleocapsid protein in vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 .
The nucleocapsid is located internally and is relatively stable and conserved compared to spike. The conservation of nucleocapsid makes it an ideal target for cytotoxic T lymphocytes that correlate with effective clearance of viral particles and less severe coronavirus disease 2019 . Researchers have also reported robust T cell responses against nucleocapsid.
Homologous and heterologous prime boost approach Related StoriesAdministering multiple doses of the same vaccine, for instance, a spike-based vaccine, could be termed a ‘homologous prime boost’ approach, wherein the initial dose primes the immune system and additional doses amplify it. Although with this strategy, humoral immune responses were shown to be augmented, the antibody response usually declines over time, much before the T cell responses wane.
According to one study in a population primed with inactivated vaccines, a booster dose significantly amplified immunogenicity. Notably, heterologous prime boost was more effective than homologous boost. A limitation of inactivated vaccines is that they induce low immunity unless appropriately adjuvanted or given in a large dosage.
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