Pan-vaccine antigen strategy confers protection against cross-clade SARS-CoV-2 variants, including vaccine-resistant Omicron variants ScienceMagazine WHUni_Official SARSCoV2 vaccine antigen covid coronavirus COVID19
By Neha MathurJan 6 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent article published in Science Translational Medicine, researchers developed a novel pan-vaccine antigen -based subunit vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 . Using a mouse model, they also demonstrated that this vaccine formulation conferred protection against multiple clades of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 .
About the study In the present study, researchers analyzed 2,675 S protein sequences from five SARS-CoV-2 strains that emerged before the Delta variant, obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, to design Span, which harbored AA residues that were consistent across multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains.
Study findings Sera from Span-vaccinated mice exhibited a broader spectrum of neutralizing activities against all 10 variants evaluated in the study but markedly higher activity in six of 10 variants. It had better neutralization activity against multiple immune-evading mutations . A universal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, thus, needs to consider all the heterogeneous mutations within the same antigen to be effective against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. It further implies that averaging or superimposing mutations does not work. Instead, all phylogenetic calculations must also account for experimental evidence of an antigen's evolutionary trajectory to yield a universal S sequence, including the most frequent mutations.
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