Study finds memory B cell clones harbor the capacity to adopt multiple and functionally different fates in COVID-19 patients biorxivpreprint ETH UZH_ch BCell COVID19 coronavirus covid
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanOct 13 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* preprint server, a team of researchers examined single clones of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 -specific memory B cells to understand their adaptability and fate.
These two class-switched memory B cell subsets have been observed after some coronavirus disease 2019 vaccinations and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Examining the fates and plasticity of the various memory B cell subsets would help understand their role in protective immune responses upon antigen re-exposure.
The researchers used biotinylated SARS-CoV-2 spike and receptor binding domain proteins to create multimer stains to analyze antigen-specific MBCs using spectral flow cytometry. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorting was used to sort SARS-CoV-2-specific and non-SARS-CoV-2-specific MBCs, which were then used for single-cell RNA sequencing , barcoding, and B cell receptor sequencing.
The acute COVID-19 patients were studied between April and September 2020. The 12-month follow-up phase occurred between April and September 2021. The availability of COVID-19 vaccines resulted in 35 of the 65 participants getting vaccinated during the study, which allowed the researchers to observe MBC response to antigen re-exposure.
The study found that SARS-CoV-2-specific atypical MBCs were transcriptionally similar to atypical MBCs from autoimmune diseases. Additionally, studying the tonsil cohort revealed that peripheral lymphoid organs were rich in SARS-CoV-2-specific resting MBCs, and had low levels of transcription factor T-bet. The resting MBCs in the tonsils also exhibited markers of tissue residency.
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