Vimentin is an important co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Vimentin is an important co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection
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Vimentin is an important co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection Receptor SARSCoV2 Coronavirus Disease COVID ACE2 Vimentin iScience_CP IHU_Marseille univamu

By Nidhi Saha, BDSNov 2 2022Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A recent iScience journal study reports that cell-surface vimentin functions as a co-receptor for the entry of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 into host cells to facilitate infection. Thus, targeting vimentin may provide a unique strategy for preventing the coronavirus disease 2019 .

The entry of SARS-CoV-2, which is a single-stranded enveloped ribonucleic acid virus), into host cells is a key factor for its infectivity and disease pathogenesis. To this end, SARS-CoV-2 primarily relies on its receptor binding domain within the spike protein to bind to the cell-surface angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor for viral attachment. This subsequently allows the virus to enter endosomes and fuse with host-lysosomal membranes.

About the study In the current study, the researchers used a variety of epithelial cell lines, including Vero E6, human colon epithelial cells , and human alveolar basal epithelial cells , to determine the expression of ACE2, TMPRSS288, and vimentin. In the next step, the researchers assessed whether vimentin and ACE2 expression levels in Vero E6, Caco-2, and A549 cells were related to the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells.

Study findings Epithelial cells were found to express varying quantities of vimentin and ACE2. Vero E6 cells, for example, expressed higher levels of ACE2 as compared to Caco-2 and A549 cells. Conversely, both Vero E6 and Caco-2 cells expressed similar levels of TMPRSS2 that were significantly higher than the expression of this cell surface protein in A549 cells.

Taken together, these findings suggest that the expression of vimentin at the cell surface may favor the increased uptake of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells as compared to the other epithelial cell lines. Further analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells revealed that vimentin expression increased at the cell surface after two and thirty minutes.

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